标书翻译工作要做到语言准确，保持招标文件和投标书的术语和文本规范高度一致，下面上海臻云人工天生赢家凯发k8国际-凯发k8注册登录给大家分享标书翻译技巧有什么?

  the translation of bids shall be accurate in language, and the terms and text specifications of bidding documents and bids shall be highly consistent. what are the translation skills shared by shanghai zhenyun artificial translation agency?

  一、字面法
  1、 literal method

  字面法即按字面直译原文。由这种译法产生的译文在选词、句法、语义及语用意义等方面均与原文基本一致。但采用字面法要有前提原文中的语言和文化因素必须与译语基本相符。否则便会导致死译硬翻，使译文极不自然，甚至歪曲原文。

  literal translation means literal translation of the original text. the translation produced by this method is basically consistent with the original in terms of word selection, syntax, semantics and pragmatic meaning. however, the use of literal method must be based on the premise that the language and cultural factors in the original text must be basically consistent with the target language. otherwise, it will lead to dead translation and hard translation, which makes the translation extremely unnatural and even distorts the original text.

  二、变通法

  2、 workaround

  在标书翻译过程中我们往往发现，在许多情况下若照字面直译原文会感到非常别扭。有时，甚至行不通。这表明此时原文所涉及的语言和文化因素与译语差异较大，不能按字面直接转换，而应作必要的变通，即翻译时应对词语和句法作些必要的改动和调整，从而使译文符合译语规范和习惯，以达到再现原文的语义和语用意义的最终目的。以下仅就科技翻译中最常用的几种变通技巧举例简述:

  in the process of translating bids, we often find that in many cases, literal translation of the original text will feel very awkward. sometimes, it doesn't even work. this shows that at this time, the language and cultural factors involved in the original text are quite different from those of the target language, so that they cannot be converted directly according to the face of the text, but should be modified as necessary, that is, some necessary changes and adjustments should be made to the words and syntax in translation, so as to make the translation conform to the norms and habits of the target language, so as to achieve the ultimate goal of reproducing the semantic and pragmatic meaning of the original text. here are just a few examples of the most commonly used flexible skills in science and technology translation:

  1.引申

  1. extension

  在不能按字面直接进行原语向译语的转换时有时可借助于引伸词义为转换媒介。现代语义学将词义概括为七类：概念意义、内涵意义、风格意义、感情意义、联想意义、搭配意义、主题意义。引申词义应根据特定的语境(此处指上下文)

  sometimes, when the translation from the original to the target can not be carried out literally, the meaning of the extended words can be used as the medium of transformation. modern semantics divides word meanings into seven categories: conceptual meaning, connotative meaning, stylistic meaning, emotional meaning, associative meaning, collocation meaning and thematic meaning. the meaning of the extended word should be based on the specific context

  2.增词：根据译语的句法和惯用法特点增译必要的词。

  2. add words: add necessary words according to the syntax and idiomatic features of the target language.

  3.减词：根据译语的句法和惯用法特点作必要的省译。

  3. subtraction: make necessary translation according to the syntactic and idiomatic features of the target language.

  4.反译：必要的反译变通可使译文简练、明了。

  4. back translation: necessary back translation modifications can make the translation concise and clear.

  5.分译：原句较长或难以译为一句时，可分译成几句。

  5. sub translation: when the original sentence is long or difficult to translate into one sentence, it can be translated into several sentences.

  6.合译：与分译反行之(例略)

  6. co translation: the opposite of sub translation (example omitted)

  7.逆序：当原语与译语的习惯叙述层次相反时应逆序译之。

  7. reverse order: when the habitual narrative level of the source language and the target language is opposite, they should be translated in reverse order.

  三、改换法

  3、 conversion method

  字面法和变通法系语义意义的再现手法并且也是再现语用意义的两个基本方法。但在原语与译语之间的语言和文化因素差异甚大的情况下要再现原文的语用意义往往逾越字面法和变通法的功能范围这时就必须采用改换法。其技巧可归纳为如下两种:

  literal method and flexible method are two basic ways to reproduce semantic meaning. however, in the case of great differences in language and cultural factors between the source language and the target language, if we want to reproduce the pragmatic meaning of the original text, it often goes beyond the functional scope of the literal method and the flexible method, then we must adopt the method of transformation. the skills can be summarized as follows:

  1.释义

  1. definitions

  a)舍弃原文的形象，释译出其它语用意义。

  a) discard the image of the original text and interpret other pragmatic meanings.

  b)改变原文的命题内容，释译出其语用意义。

  b) change the proposition content of the original text and interpret its pragmatic meaning.

  2.归化：根据译语的特点、习惯、文化，替换原文的形象，从而较生动地转达其语用意义。

  2. domestication: according to the characteristics, habits and culture of the target language, replace the image of the original text, so as to convey its pragmatic meaning more vividly.