所谓基本素养，是指翻译者必须具备的基本条件，即天生赢家凯发k8国际-凯发k8注册登录对翻译者的基本要求。除了应该具有高尚的“译德译风”和严肃认真、一丝不苟的科学态度之外，译者必须具备三方面的素养，即一定的英语水平、较高的汉语修养和丰富的学科专业知识。大量的翻译实践表明，这三方面的素养越高，越能顺利地完成翻译工作。关于英语水平，应注意打牢基础，扩大词汇量，广泛阅读，最好能听、说、读、写、译五方面训练同时并进，较之单攻翻译能更快提高英语水平。在汉语修养方面，应加强语法、逻辑、修辞等方面知识的研修，多阅读、多写作、多练习修改文章。在学科专业知识方面，要努力精通本职业务，多了解相关专业知识;经常阅览国内、外护理专业期刊，掌握学科发展动态。

  the so-called basic literacy refers to the basic conditions that translators must have, that is, the basic requirements of translation companies for translators. in addition to having a noble "german translation style" and a serious and meticulous scientific attitude, the translator must have three qualities, namely, a certain level of english, high chinese cultivation and rich professional knowledge. a large number of translation practice shows that the higher the literacy of these three aspects, the more successful the translation can be. as for english level, we should pay attention to laying a solid foundation, expanding vocabulary and reading widely. it is best to train in five aspects of listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation at the same time, which can improve english level faster than single attack translation. in chinese cultivation, we should strengthen the study of grammar, logic, rhetoric and other knowledge, read more, write more, practice more and modify articles. in terms of discipline and professional knowledge, we should strive to be proficient in our own business and understand more relevant professional knowledge; regularly read domestic and foreign nursing journals to master the development trend of the discipline.

  翻译是一项创造性的语言活动，具有很强的实践性。不通过大量的实践而要提高翻译能力，无异于想学游泳却又不下水一样。当然，实践也要讲究科学性。初学者若无行家的指点，最好是先找一些难度切合自己水平且有汉语译文的材料进行翻译练习。自己的译文写成后同人家的译文相对照。先看看自己在理解方面是否准确，其次看看自己的表达是否符合汉语的语言习惯，从中找到不足。随着水平的提高，可找些比较简单的本专业基础知识方面的文章进行翻译，以后逐步过渡到英文护理文献的翻译。坚持循序渐进多翻译多投稿，定会硕果累累。在时间允许的情况下，最好能坚持每天都多少搞点翻译。随着时间的推移，一定会大有长进。

  translation is a creative language activity with strong practicality. to improve translation ability without a lot of practice is like learning to swim without getting into the water. of course, practice should also pay attention to scientificity. if beginners do not have expert advice, it is best to find some materials with difficulty suitable for their own level and chinese translation for translation practice. when one's own translation is written, it is compared with the translation of others. first look at whether you are accurate in understanding, and then look at whether your expression is in line with chinese language habits, so as to find deficiencies. with the improvement of the level, you can find some relatively simple articles on the basic knowledge of the specialty for translation, and then gradually transition to the translation of english nursing literature. adhering to step-by-step and more translations and contributions will be fruitful. if time permits, it's best to do some translation every day. with the passage of time, we will make great progress.

  初学翻译的同志一方面可多读些英汉对照类阅读材料或有汉语注释的英语读物;另一方面还可根据译文类杂志上提供的某篇译文的原文出处去查找到相应的原文，继而进行对照阅读。通过对比分析，可以找出自己的差距，学习和吸收他人在理解原文精神和翻译表达等方面的长处，促进翻译能力的提高。如果是自己选材进行翻译，当遇到问题难以解决时，要虚心向他人求教。另外经常阅读一些有关翻译技巧的书籍，也有助于翻译能力的提高。与此同时，还要有敢于创新的精神。在翻译过程中，既不能拘泥于别人提供的译文，也不能受囿于以往形成的条条框框。随着翻译能力的不断提高，可以根据翻译标准的要求去创造新的表现手法，进一步完善翻译工作。

  on the one hand, beginners of translation can read more english-chinese comparative reading materials or english reading materials with chinese notes; on the other hand, you can also find the corresponding original text according to the source of the original text of a translation provided by translation magazines, and then read it in comparison. through comparative analysis, we can find out our own gap, learn and absorb the strengths of others in understanding the spirit of the original text and translation expression, and promote the improvement of translation ability. if you choose your own material for translation, when you encounter problems that are difficult to solve, you should ask others for advice with an open mind. in addition, reading some books about translation skills often also helps to improve translation ability. at the same time, we should also have the spirit of daring to innovate. in the process of translation, we can neither stick to the translation provided by others, nor be bound by the rules formed in the past. with the continuous improvement of translation ability, we can create new means of expression according to the requirements of translation standards and further improve the translation work.